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Polars虽牛刀小试，就显博大精深，在数据分析上，未来有重要一席。
下面主要列举一些常见用法。
一、toml
需要说明的是，在Rust中，不少的功能都需要对应features引入设置，这些需要特别注意，否则编译通不过。
以下polars的版本是0.41.3。
相关依赖项如下：
[dependencies]
polars = { version = "0.41.3", features = ["lazy","dtype-struct","polars-io","dtype-datetime","dtype-date","range","temporal","rank","serde","csv","ndarray","parquet","strings"] }
rand = "0.8.5"
chrono = "0.4.38"
serde_json = "1.0.124"
itertools = "0.13"
二、main.rs
部分函数功能还没有完成，用todo标示，请大家注意。
#![allow(warnings,dead_code, unused,unused_imports, unused_variables, unused_mut)]
use polars::prelude::*;
use std::time::Instant;
use serde_json::*;
use chrono::{NaiveDate};
#[allow(dead_code)]
fn main(){//create_df_by_series();//create_df_by_df_macro();//df_apply();// 需要把相关函数放在里面即可，这里不一一列示。//df_to_vec_tuples_by_izip();//write_read_parquet_files();//date_to_str_in_column();str_to_datetime_date_cast_in_df();//create_list_in_df_by_apply();//unnest_struct_in_df();//as_struct_in_df();//struct_apply_in_df();//test();
}fn create_df_by_series(){println!("------------- create_df_by_series test ---------------- ");let s1 = Series::new("from vec", vec![4, 3, 2]);let s2 = Series::new("from slice", &[true, false, true]);let s3 = Series::new("from array", ["rust", "go", "julia"]);let df = DataFrame::new(vec![s1, s2, s3]).unwrap();println!("{:?}", &df);
}fn create_df_by_df_macro(){println!("------------- create_df_by_macro test ---------------- ");let df1: DataFrame = df!("D1" => &[1, 3, 1, 5, 6],"D2" => &[3, 2, 3, 5, 3]).unwrap();let df2 = df1.lazy().select(&[col("D1").count().alias("total"),col("D1").filter(col("D1").gt(lit(2))).count().alias("D1 > 3"),]).collect().unwrap();println!("{}", df2);
}fn rank(){println!("------------- rank test ---------------- ");// 注意：toml => feature : ranklet mut df = df!("scores" => ["A", "A", "A", "B", "C", "B"],"class" => [1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 2]).unwrap();let df = df.clone().lazy().with_column(col("class").rank(RankOptions{method: RankMethod::Ordinal, descending: false}, None).over([col("scores")]).alias("rank_")).sort_by_exprs([col("scores"), col("class"), col("rank_")], Default::default());println!("{:?}", df.collect().unwrap().head(Some(3)));
}fn head_tail_sort(){println!("------------------head_tail_sort test-------------------");let df = df!("scores" => ["A", "B", "C", "B", "A", "B"],"class" => [1, 3, 1, 1, 2, 3]).unwrap();let head = df.head(Some(3));let tail = df.tail(Some(3));// 对value列进行sort,生成新的series，并进行排序let sort = df.lazy().select([col("class").sort(Default::default())]).collect();println!("df head :{:?}",head);println!("df tail:{:?}",tail);println!("df sort:{:?}",sort);
}fn filter_group_by_agg(){println!("----------filter_group_by_agg test--------------");use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};let mut arr = [0f64; 5];thread_rng().fill(&mut arr);let df = df! ("nrs" => &[Some(1), Some(2), Some(3), None, Some(5)],"names" => &[Some("foo"), Some("ham"), Some("spam"), Some("eggs"), None],"random" => &arr,"groups" => &["A", "A", "B", "C", "B"],).unwrap();let df2 = df.clone().lazy().filter(col("groups").eq(lit("A"))).collect().unwrap();println!("df2 :{:?}",df2);println!("{}", &df);let out = df.lazy().group_by([col("groups")]).agg([sum("nrs"), // sum nrs by groupscol("random").count().alias("count"), // count group members// sum random where name != nullcol("random").filter(col("names").is_not_null()).sum().name().suffix("_sum"),col("names").reverse().alias("reversed names"),]).collect().unwrap();println!("{}", out);}fn filter_by_exclude(){println!("----------filter_by_exclude----------------------");let df = df!("code" => &["600036.SH".to_string(),"600036.SH".to_string(),"600036.SH".to_string()],"date" =>&[NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 14).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 15).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 16).unwrap(),],"close" => &[1.21,1.22,1.23],"open" => &[1.22,1.21,1.23],"high" => &[1.22,1.25,1.24],"low" => &[1.19, 1.20,1.21],).unwrap();let lst = df["date"].as_list().slice(1,1);println!("s :{:?}",lst);// 下面all() 可以用col(*)替代；let df_filter = df.lazy().select([all().exclude(["code","date"])]).collect().unwrap();println!("df_filter :{}",df_filter);}fn windows_over(){println!("------------- windows_over test ---------------- ");let df = df!("key" => ["a", "a", "a", "a", "b", "c"],"value" => [1, 2, 1, 3, 3, 3]).unwrap();// over()函数：col("value").min().over([col("key")]),表示：请根据col("key")进行分类，再对分类得到的组求最小值操作；let df = df.clone().lazy().with_column(col("value").min() // .max(), .mean().over([col("key")]).alias("over_min")).with_column(col("value").max().over([col("key")]).alias("over_max"));println!("{:?}", df.collect().unwrap().head(Some(10)));
}//read_csvfn lazy_read_csv(){println!("------------- lazy_read_csv test ---------------- ");// features => lazy and csv // 请根据自己文件情况进行设置let filepath = "../my_duckdb/src/test.csv";// CSV数据格式// 600036.XSHG,2079/7/24,3345.9,3357.8,3326.7,3357,33589,69181710.57,1// 600036.XSHG,2079/7/25,3346,3357.9,3326.8,3357.1,33590,69184251.47,1let polars_lazy_csv_time = Instant::now();let p = LazyCsvReader::new(filepath).with_try_parse_dates(true) //需要增加Available on crate feature temporal only..with_has_header(true).finish().unwrap();let df = p.collect().expect("error to dataframe!");println!("polars lazy 读出csv的行和列数：{:?}",df.shape());println!("polars lazy 读csv 花时： {:?} 秒！", polars_lazy_csv_time.elapsed().as_secs_f32());
}fn read_csv(){println!("------------- read_csv test ---------------- ");// features => polars-iouse std::fs::File;let csv_time = Instant::now();let filepath = "../my_duckdb/src/test.csv";// CSV数据格式// 600036.XSHG,2079/7/24,3345.9,3357.8,3326.7,3357,33589,69181710.57,1// 600036.XSHG,2079/7/25,3346,3357.9,3326.8,3357.1,33590,69184251.47,1let file = File::open(filepath).expect("could not read file");let df = CsvReader::new(file).finish().unwrap();//println!("df:{:?}",df);println!("读出csv的行和列数：{:?}",df.shape());println!("读csv 花时： {:?} 秒！",csv_time.elapsed().as_secs_f32());
}fn read_csv2(){println!("------------- read_csv2 test ---------------- ");// features => polars-io// 具体按自己目录路径下的文件let filepath = "../my_duckdb/src/test.csv"; //请根据自已文件情况进行设置// CSV数据格式// 600036.XSHG,2079/7/24,3345.9,3357.8,3326.7,3357,33589,69181710.57,1// 600036.XSHG,2079/7/25,3346,3357.9,3326.8,3357.1,33590,69184251.47,1let df = CsvReadOptions::default().with_has_header(true).try_into_reader_with_file_path(Some(filepath.into())).unwrap().finish().unwrap();println!("read_csv2 => df {:?}",df)
}fn parse_date_csv(){println!("------------- parse_date_csv test ---------------- ");// features => polars-iolet filepath = "../my_duckdb/src/test.csv";// 读出csv，并对csv中date类型进行转换// CSV数据格式// 600036.XSHG,2019/7/24,3345.9,3357.8,3326.7,3357,33589,69181710.57,1// 600036.XSHG,2019/7/25,3346,3357.9,3326.8,3357.1,33590,69184251.47,1let df = CsvReadOptions::default().map_parse_options(|parse_options| parse_options.with_try_parse_dates(true)).try_into_reader_with_file_path(Some(filepath.into())).unwrap().finish().unwrap();println!("{}", &df);
}fn write_csv_df(){println!("----------- write_csv_df test -------------------------");// toml features => csv// features => polars-iolet mut df = df!("code" => &["600036.SH".to_string(),"600036.SH".to_string(),"600036.SH".to_string()],"date" =>&[NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 14).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 15).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 16).unwrap(),],"close" => &[1.21,1.22,1.23],"open" => &[1.22,1.21,1.23],"high" => &[1.22,1.25,1.24],"low" => &[1.19, 1.20,1.21],).unwrap();let mut file = std::fs::File::create("600036SH.csv").unwrap();CsvWriter::new(&mut file).finish(&mut df).unwrap();
}fn iter_dataframe_as_row() {println!("------------- iter_dataframe_as_row test ---------------- ");let starttime = Instant::now();let df: DataFrame = df!("D1" => &[1, 3, 1, 5, 6],"D2" => &[3, 2, 3, 5, 3]).unwrap();let (_row,_col) = df.shape();for i in 0.._row{let mut rows = Vec::new();for j in 0.._col{let value = df[j].get(i).unwrap();rows.push(value);}}println!("dataframe按行遍历cost time :{:?} seconds!",starttime.elapsed().as_secs_f32());
}fn join_concat(){println!("------------- join_concat test ---------------- ");// 创建表结构，内部有空数据let df = df! [// 表头 对应数据"Model" => ["iPhone XS", "iPhone 12", "iPhone 13", "iPhone 14", "Samsung S11", "Samsung S12", "Mi A1", "Mi A2"],"Company" => ["Apple", "Apple", "Apple", "Apple", "Samsung", "Samsung", "Xiao Mi", "Xiao Mi"],"Sales" => [80, 170, 130, 205, 400, 30, 14, 8],"Comment" => [None, None, Some("Sold Out"), Some("New Arrival"), None, Some("Sold Out"), None, None],].unwrap();let df_price = df! ["Model" => ["iPhone XS", "iPhone 12", "iPhone 13", "iPhone 14", "Samsung S11", "Samsung S12", "Mi A1", "Mi A2"],"Price" => [2430, 3550, 5700, 8750, 2315, 3560, 980, 1420],"Discount" => [Some(0.85), Some(0.85), Some(0.8), None, Some(0.87), None, Some(0.66), Some(0.8)],].unwrap();// 合并// join()接收5个参数，分别是：要合并的DataFrame，左表主键，右表主键，合并方式let df_join = df.join(&df_price, ["Model"], ["Model"], JoinArgs::from(JoinType::Inner)).unwrap();println!("{:?}", &df_join);let df_v1 = df!("a"=> &[1],"b"=> &[3],).unwrap();let df_v2 = df!("a"=> &[2],"b"=> &[4],).unwrap();let df_vertical_concat = concat([df_v1.clone().lazy(), df_v2.clone().lazy()],UnionArgs::default(),).unwrap().collect().unwrap();println!("{}", &df_vertical_concat);}fn get_slice_scalar_from_df(){println!("------------- get_slice_scalar_from_df test ---------------- ");let df: DataFrame = df!("D1" => &[1, 2, 3, 4, 5],"D2" => &[3, 2, 3, 5, 3]).unwrap();// slice(1,4): 从第2行开始(包含)，各列向下共取4行let slice = &df.slice(1,4);println!("slice :{:?}",&slice);// 获取第2列第3个值的标量let scalar = df[1].get(3).unwrap(); println!("saclar :{:?}",scalar);
}fn replace_drop_col(){println!("------------- replace_drop_col test ---------------- ");// toml :features => replacelet mut df: DataFrame = df!("D1" => &[1, 2, 3, 4, 5],"D2" => &[3, 2, 3, 5, 3]).unwrap();let new_s1 = Series::new("", &[2,3,4,5,6]); // ""为名字不变；// D1列进行替换let df2 = df.replace("D1", new_s1).unwrap();// 删除D2列let df3 = df2.drop_many(&["D2"]);println!("df3:{:?}",df3);
}fn drop_null_fill_null(){println!("------------- drop_null_fill_null test ---------------- ");let df: DataFrame = df!("D1" => &[None, Some(2), Some(3), Some(4), None],"D2" => &[3, 2, 3, 5, 3]).unwrap();// 取当前列第一个非空的值填充后面的空值let df2 = df.fill_null(FillNullStrategy::Forward(None)).unwrap();// Forward(Option)：向后遍历，用遇到的第一个非空值（或给定下标位置的值）填充后面的空值// Backward(Option)：向前遍历，用遇到的第一个非空值（或给定下标位置的值）填充前面的空值// Mean：用算术平均值填充// Min：用最小值填充// Max: 用最大值填充// Zero：用0填充// One：用1填充// MaxBound：用数据类型的取值范围的上界填充// MinBound：用数据类型的取值范围的下界填充println!("fill_null :{:?}", df2);// 删除D1列中的None值let df3 = df2.drop_nulls(Some(&["D1"])).unwrap();println!("drop_nulls :{:?}",df3);}fn compute_return(){println!("-----------compute_return test -----------------------");let df = df!("code" => &["600036.SH".to_string(),"600036.SH".to_string(),"600036.SH".to_string()],"date" =>&[NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 14).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 15).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 16).unwrap(),],"close" => &[1.21,1.22,1.23],"open" => &[1.22,1.21,1.23],"high" => &[1.22,1.25,1.24],"low" => &[1.19, 1.20,1.21],).unwrap();let _df = df.clone().lazy().with_columns([(col("close")/col("close").first()-lit(1.0)).alias("ret")]).collect().unwrap();println!("_df :{}",_df)
}fn standardlize_center(){println!("------------- standardlize_center test ---------------- ");let df: DataFrame = df!("D1" => &[1, 2, 3, 4, 5],"D2" => &[3, 2, 3, 5, 3]).unwrap();// 进行标准化：对所有的列，每个值除以本列最大值// cast(): 由int =>Float64let standardization = df.lazy().select([col("*").cast(DataType::Float64) / col("*").cast(DataType::Float64).max()]);// 对于标准化后的列，进行中心化let center = standardization.select([col("*") - col("*").mean()]).collect().unwrap();println!("standardlize : {:?}",center);
}fn create_list_in_df_by_apply(){println!("----------creat_list_in_df_by_apply test ------------------------");let df = df!("lang" => &["go","rust", "go", "julia","julia","rust","rust"],"users" => &[223,1032, 222, 42,1222,3213,4445],"year" =>&["2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025","2026"]).unwrap();println!("df :{}",df);let out = df.clone().lazy().group_by([col("lang")]).agg([col("users") .apply(|s| { let v = s.i32().unwrap();let out = v.into_iter().map(|v| match v {Some(v_) => v_ ,_ => 0}).collect::<Vec<i32>>();Ok(Some(Series::new("_", out)))}, GetOutput::default()).alias("aggr_vec"),]) //.with_column(col("aggr_sum").list().alias("aggr_sum_first")) .collect().unwrap();println!("{}", out);
}fn create_struct_in_df_by_apply(){println!("-----------------create_struct_in_df_by_apply test -------------------------");// TOML features => "dtype-struct"use polars::prelude::*;let df = df!("keys" => &["a", "a", "b"],"values" => &[10, 7, 1],).unwrap();let out = df.clone().lazy().with_column(col("values").apply(|s| {let s = s.i32()?;let out_1: Vec<Option<i32>> = s.into_iter().map(|v| match v {Some(v_) => Some(v_ * 10),_ => None,}).collect();let out_2: Vec<Option<i32>> = s.into_iter().map(|v| match v {Some(v_) => Some(v_ * 20),_ => None,}).collect();let out = df! ("v1" => &out_1,"v2" => &out_2,).unwrap().into_struct("vals").into_series();Ok(Some(out))},GetOutput::default())) .collect().unwrap();println!("{}", out);
}fn field_value_counts(){println!("--------------field_value_counts test---------------");let ratings = df!("Movie"=> &["Cars", "IT", "ET", "Cars", "Up", "IT", "Cars", "ET", "Up", "ET"],"Theatre"=> &["NE", "ME", "IL", "ND", "NE", "SD", "NE", "IL", "IL", "SD"],"Avg_Rating"=> &[4.5, 4.4, 4.6, 4.3, 4.8, 4.7, 4.7, 4.9, 4.7, 4.6],"Count"=> &[30, 27, 26, 29, 31, 28, 28, 26, 33, 26],).unwrap();println!("{}", &ratings);let out = ratings.clone().lazy().select([col("Theatre").value_counts(true, true, "count".to_string(), false)]).collect().unwrap();println!("{}", &out);}
// 宏macro_rules! structs_to_dataframe {($input:expr, [$($field:ident),+]) => {{// Extract the field values into separate vectors$(let mut $field = Vec::new();)*for e in $input.into_iter() {$($field.push(e.$field);)*}df! {$(stringify!($field) => $field,)*}}};
}macro_rules! dataframe_to_structs_todo {($df:expr, $StructName:ident,[$($field:ident),+]) => {{// 把df 对应的fields =>Vec<StructName>,let mut vec:Vec<$StructName> = Vec::new();vec}};
}fn df_to_structs_by_macro_todo(){println!("---------------df_to_structs_by_macro_todo test -------------------");let df = df!("date" =>&[NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 14).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 15).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 16).unwrap(),],"close" => &[1.21,1.22,1.23],"open" => &[1.22,1.21,1.23],"high" => &[1.22,1.25,1.24],"low" => &[1.19, 1.20,1.21],).unwrap();// 把df =>Vec<Bar>struct Bar {date:NaiveDate,close:f64,open:f64,high:f64,low:f64,}impl Bar {fn bar(date:NaiveDate, close:f64,open:f64,high:f64,low:f64) -> Self{Bar{date,close,open,high,low}}}let bars: Vec<Bar> = dataframe_to_structs_todo!(df, Bar,[date,close,open,high,low]);println!("df:{:?}",df);
}fn structs_to_df_by_macro(){println!(" ---------------- structs_to_df_by_macro test -----------------------");struct Bar {date:NaiveDate,close:f64,open:f64,high:f64,low:f64,}impl Bar {fn new(date:NaiveDate, close:f64,open:f64,high:f64,low:f64) -> Self{Bar{date,close,open,high,low}}}let test_bars:Vec<Bar> = vec![Bar::new(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2024,1,1).unwrap(),10.1,10.12,10.2,9.99),Bar::new(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2024,1,2).unwrap(),10.2,10.22,10.3,10.1)];let df = structs_to_dataframe!(test_bars, [date,close,open,high,low]).unwrap();println!("df:{:?}",df);
}fn df_to_structs_by_iter(){println!("---------------df_to_structs_by_iter test----------------");// toml :features => "dtype-struct"let now = Instant::now();#[derive(Debug, Clone)]struct Bar {code :String,date:NaiveDate,close:f64,open:f64,high:f64,low:f64,}impl Bar {fn new(code:String,date:NaiveDate, close:f64,open:f64,high:f64,low:f64) -> Self{Bar{code,date,close,open,high,low}}}let df = df!("code" => &["600036.SH".to_string(),"600036.SH".to_string(),"600036.SH".to_string()],"date" =>&[NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 14).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 15).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 16).unwrap(),],"close" => &[1.21,1.22,1.23],"open" => &[1.22,1.21,1.23],"high" => &[1.22,1.25,1.24],"low" => &[1.19, 1.20,1.21],).unwrap();let mut bars:Vec<Bar> = Vec::new();let rows_data = df.into_struct("bars");let start_date = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(1970, 1, 2).unwrap();for row_data in &rows_data{let code = row_data.get(0).unwrap();let mut new_code = "".to_string();if let &AnyValue::String(value) = code{new_code = value.to_string();}let mut new_date = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2000,1,1).unwrap(); let since_days = start_date.signed_duration_since(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(1,1,1).unwrap());let date = row_data.get(1).unwrap();if let &AnyValue::Date(dt) = date {let tmp_date = NaiveDate::from_num_days_from_ce_opt(dt).unwrap();new_date = tmp_date.checked_add_signed(since_days).unwrap();}let open =row_data[3].extract::<f64>().unwrap();let high = row_data[4].extract::<f64>().unwrap();let close =row_data[2].extract::<f64>().unwrap();let low = row_data[5].extract::<f64>().unwrap();bars.push(Bar::new(new_code,new_date,close,open,high,low));}println!("df_to_structs2 => structchunk : cost time :{:?}",now.elapsed().as_secs_f32());println!("bars :{:?}",bars);
}fn df_to_structs_by_zip(){println!("-----------df_to_structs_by_zip test --------------------");// 同样适用df -> struct ,tuple，hashmap 等let now = Instant::now();#[derive(Debug, Clone)]struct Bar {code :String,date:NaiveDate,close:f64,open:f64,high:f64,low:f64,}impl Bar {fn new(code:String,date:NaiveDate, close:f64,open:f64,high:f64,low:f64) -> Self{Bar{code,date,close,open,high,low}}}let df = df!("code" => &["600036.SH".to_string(),"600036.SH".to_string(),"600036.SH".to_string()],"date" =>&[NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 14).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 15).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 16).unwrap(),],"close" => &[1.21,1.22,1.23],"open" => &[1.22,1.21,1.23],"high" => &[1.22,1.25,1.24],"low" => &[1.19, 1.20,1.21],).unwrap();let bars : Vec<Bar> = df["code"].str().unwrap().iter().zip(df["date"].date().unwrap().as_date_iter()).zip(df["close"].f64().unwrap().iter()).zip(df["open"].f64().unwrap().iter()).zip(df["high"].f64().unwrap().iter()).zip(df["low"].f64().unwrap().iter()).map(|(((((code,date),close),open),high),low)| Bar::new(code.unwrap().to_string(),date.unwrap(),close.unwrap(),open.unwrap(),high.unwrap(),low.unwrap())).collect();println!("df_to_struct3 => zip : cost time :{:?} seconds!",now.elapsed().as_secs_f32());println!("bars :{:?}",bars);//izip! from itertools --其它参考--，省各种复杂的括号！//use itertools::izip;//izip!(code, date, close, open,high,low).collect::<Vec<_>>() // Vec of 4-tuples}fn df_to_vec_tuples_by_izip(){println!("-------------df_to_tuple_by_izip test---------------");use itertools::izip;// In my real code this is generated from two joined DFs.let df = df!("code" => &["600036.sh".to_string(),"600036.sh".to_string(),"600036.sh".to_string()],"date" => &[NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 14).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 15).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 16).unwrap(),],"close" => &[1.21,1.22,1.23],"open" => &[1.22,1.21,1.23],"high" => &[1.22,1.25,1.24],"low" => &[1.19, 1.20,1.21],).unwrap();let mut dates = df.column("date").unwrap().date().unwrap().as_date_iter();let mut codes = df.column("code").unwrap().str().unwrap().iter();let mut closes = df.column("close").unwrap().f64().unwrap().iter();let mut tuples = Vec::new();for (date, code, close) in izip!(&mut dates, &mut codes, &mut closes){//println!("{:?} {:?} {:?}", date.unwrap(), code.unwrap(), close.unwrap());tuples.push((date.unwrap(),code.unwrap(),close.unwrap()));}// 或这种方式let tuples2 = izip!(&mut dates, &mut codes, &mut closes).collect::<Vec<_>>();println!("tuples :{:?}",tuples);println!("tuples2 :{:?}",tuples2);
}fn series_to_vec(){println!("------------series_to_vec test-----------------------");let df = df!("date" =>&[NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 14).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 15).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 16).unwrap(),],).unwrap();let vec :Vec<Option<NaiveDate>>= df["date"].date().unwrap().as_date_iter().collect();println!("vec :{:?}",vec)
}fn series_to_vec2(){println!("------------series_to_vec2 test----------------------");let df = df!("lang" =>&["rust","go","julia"],).unwrap();let vec:Vec<Option<&str>> = df["date"].str().unwrap().into_iter().map(|s|match s{Some(v_) => Some(v_),_ => None,}).collect();println!("vec:{:?}",vec);}fn structs_in_df(){println!("-----------structs_in_df test -----------------");// feature => dtype-structlet df = df!("code" => &["600036.SH".to_string(),"600036.SH".to_string(),"600036.SH".to_string()],"date" =>&[NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 14).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 15).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 16).unwrap(),],"close" => &[1.21,1.22,1.23],"open" => &[1.22,1.21,1.23],"high" => &[1.22,1.25,1.24],"low" => &[1.19, 1.20,1.21],).unwrap().into_struct("bars").into_series();println!("{}", &df);// how to get series from struct column?let out = df.struct_().unwrap().field_by_name("close").unwrap();println!("out :{}",out);// how to get struct value in df let _ = df.struct_().unwrap().into_iter().map(|rows| {println!("code :{} date :{} close:{},open:{},high:{},low:{}",rows[0],rows[1],rows[2],rows[3],rows[4],rows[5]);}).collect::<Vec<_>>();}fn list_in_df(){println!("-------------list_in_df test ------------------------------");let df = df!("code" => &["600036.SH".to_string(),"600036.SH".to_string(),"600036.SH".to_string()],"date" =>&[NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 14).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 15).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 16).unwrap(),],"close" => &[1.21,1.22,1.23],"open" => &[1.22,1.21,1.23],"high" => &[1.22,1.25,1.24],"low" => &[1.19, 1.20,1.21],).unwrap();let lst = df["close"].as_list().get(0).unwrap();println!("lst :{:?}",lst);}fn serialize_df_to_json(){println!("--------------- serialize_df_to_json test -----------------------");// toml features => serdelet df = df!("code" => &["600036.SH".to_string(),"600036.SH".to_string(),"600036.SH".to_string()],"date" =>&[NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 14).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 15).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 16).unwrap(),],"close" => &[1.21,1.22,1.23],"open" => &[1.22,1.21,1.23],"high" => &[1.22,1.25,1.24],"low" => &[1.19, 1.20,1.21],).unwrap();let df_json = serde_json::to_value(&df).unwrap();println!("df_json {df_json}");
}fn serialize_df_to_binary_todo(){println!("---------serialize_df_to_binary_todo test -------------");// toml features => serdelet df = df!("code" => &["600036.SH".to_string(),"600036.SH".to_string(),"600036.SH".to_string()],"date" =>&[NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 14).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 15).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 16).unwrap(),],"close" => &[1.21,1.22,1.23],"open" => &[1.22,1.21,1.23],"high" => &[1.22,1.25,1.24],"low" => &[1.19, 1.20,1.21],).unwrap();// todo//let df_binary = serde_json::to_value(&df).unwrap();//println!("df_json {df_binary}");
}fn df_to_ndarray(){println!("-------------- df_to_ndarray test ------------------------");// toml features =>ndarraylet df = df!("code" => &["600036.SH".to_string(),"600036.SH".to_string(),"600036.SH".to_string()],"date" =>&[NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 14).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 15).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 16).unwrap(),],"close" => &[1.21,1.22,1.23],"open" => &[1.22,1.21,1.23],"high" => &[1.22,1.25,1.24],"low" => &[1.19, 1.20,1.21],).unwrap();// ndarray 化： 先去除非f64列let df_filter = df.lazy().select([all().exclude(["code","date"])]).collect().unwrap();let ndarray = df_filter.to_ndarray::<Float64Type>(IndexOrder::Fortran).unwrap();println!("ndarray :{}",ndarray);
}fn df_apply(){println!("--------------df_apply--------------------");// df_apply: apply应用于df的一列// 将其中的"code"列小写改成大写// mut !let mut df = df!("code" => &["600036.sh".to_string(),"600036.sh".to_string(),"600036.sh".to_string()],"date" => &[NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 14).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 15).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 16).unwrap(),],"close" => &[1.21,1.22,1.23],"open" => &[1.22,1.21,1.23],"high" => &[1.22,1.25,1.24],"low" => &[1.19, 1.20,1.21],).unwrap();// fn code_to_uppercase(code_val: &Series) -> Series {code_val.str().unwrap().into_iter().map(|opt_code: Option<&str>| {opt_code.map(|code: &str| code.to_uppercase())}).collect::<StringChunked>().into_series()}// 对 code列进行str_to_upper操作 ,把本列的小写改成大写,有两种方法// method 1//df.apply("code", code_to_uppercase).unwrap();// method 2df.apply_at_idx(0, code_to_uppercase).unwrap(); // 对第0列，即首列进行操作println!("df {}",df);}fn write_read_parquet_files(){println!("------------ write_read_parquet_files test -------------------------");// features =>parquetlet mut df = df!("code" => &["600036.sh".to_string(),"600036.sh".to_string(),"600036.sh".to_string()],"date" => &[NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 14).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 15).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 16).unwrap(),],"close" => &[1.21,1.22,1.23],"open" => &[1.22,1.21,1.23],"high" => &[1.22,1.25,1.24],"low" => &[1.19, 1.20,1.21],).unwrap();write_parquet(&mut df);let df_ = read_parquet("600036SH.parquet");let _df_ = scan_parquet("600036SH.parquet").select([all()]).collect().unwrap();assert_eq!(df,df_);assert_eq!(df,_df_);println!("pass write_read parquet test!");fn write_parquet(df : &mut DataFrame){let mut file = std::fs::File::create("600036SH.parquet").unwrap();ParquetWriter::new(&mut file).finish(df).unwrap();}fn read_parquet(filepath:&str) ->DataFrame{let mut file = std::fs::File::open(filepath).unwrap();let df = ParquetReader::new(&mut file).finish().unwrap();df}fn scan_parquet(filepath:&str) ->LazyFrame{let args = ScanArgsParquet::default();let lf = LazyFrame::scan_parquet(filepath, args).unwrap();lf}}fn date_to_str_in_column(){println!("---------------date_t0_str test----------------------");// feature => temporallet mut df = df!("code" => &["600036.sh".to_string(),"600036.sh".to_string(),"600036.sh".to_string()],"date" => &[NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 14).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 15).unwrap(),NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 16).unwrap(),],"close" => &[1.21,1.22,1.23],"open" => &[1.22,1.21,1.23],"high" => &[1.22,1.25,1.24],"low" => &[1.19, 1.20,1.21],).unwrap();// 增加一列，把date -> date_strlet df = df.clone().lazy().with_columns([cols(["date"]).dt().to_string("%Y-%h-%d").alias("date_str")]).collect().unwrap();println!("df:{}",df);
}fn when_logicial_in_df(){println!("------------------when_condition_in_df test----------------------");let df = df!("name" =>&["c","julia","go","python","rust","c#","matlab"],"run-time"=>&[1.0,1.11,1.51,3.987,1.01,1.65,2.11]).unwrap();// 当运行速度要在[1.0,1.5]之间为true,其它为falselet df_conditional = df.clone().lazy().select([col("run-time"),when(col("run-time").lt_eq(1.50).and(col("run-time").gt_eq(1.0))).then(lit(true)).otherwise(lit(false)).alias("speed_conditional"),]).collect().unwrap();println!("{}", &df_conditional);
}fn str_to_datetime_date_cast_in_df(){println!("--------------date_cast_in_df test---------------------------");// features => strings 否则str()有问题！let df = df!("custom" => &["Tom","Jack","Rose"],"login" => &["2024-08-14","2024-08-12","2023-08-09"],//首次登陆日期"order" => &["2024-08-14 10:15:32","2024-08-14 11:22:32","2024-08-14 14:12:52"],//下单时间"send" => &["2024-08-15 10:25:38","2024-08-15 14:28:38","2024-08-16 09:07:32"],//快递时间).unwrap();let out = df.lazy().with_columns([col("login").str().to_date(StrptimeOptions::default()).alias("login_dt")]).with_columns([col("login").str().to_datetime(Some(TimeUnit::Microseconds),None,StrptimeOptions::default(),lit("raise")).alias("login_dtime")]).with_columns([col("order").str().strptime(DataType::Datetime(TimeUnit::Milliseconds, None),StrptimeOptions::default(),lit("raise"),).alias("order_dtime"),col("send").str().strptime(DataType::Datetime(TimeUnit::Milliseconds, None),StrptimeOptions::default(),lit("raise"), // raise an error if the parsing fails).alias("send_dtime"),]).with_columns([(col("send_dtime") - col("order_dtime")).alias("duration(seconds)").dt().total_seconds()]).collect().unwrap();println!("out :{}",out);
}fn unnest_struct_in_df(){// unnest() =>将dataframe中struct列执行展开操作// 生成带struct的dataframelet mut df: DataFrame = df!("company" => &["ailibaba", "baidu"],"profit" => &[777277778.0, 86555555.9]).unwrap();let series = df.clone().into_struct("info").into_series();let mut _df = df.insert_column(0, series).unwrap();println!("_df :{}",df);// unnest() <=> into_structlet out = df.lazy().with_column(col("info").struct_().rename_fields(vec!["co.".to_string(), "pl".to_string()]))// 将struct所有字段展开.unnest(["info"]).collect().unwrap();println!("out :{}", out);
// _df :shape: (2, 3)
// ┌───────────────────────────┬──────────┬──────────────┐
// │ info ┆ company ┆ profit │
// │ --- ┆ --- ┆ --- │
// │ struct[2] ┆ str ┆ f64 │
// ╞═══════════════════════════╪══════════╪══════════════╡
// │ {"ailibaba",7.77277778e8} ┆ ailibaba ┆ 7.77277778e8 │
// │ {"baidu",8.6556e7} ┆ baidu ┆ 8.6556e7 │
// └───────────────────────────┴──────────┴──────────────┘
// out :shape: (2, 4)
// ┌──────────┬──────────────┬──────────┬──────────────┐
// │ co. ┆ pl ┆ company ┆ profit │
// │ --- ┆ --- ┆ --- ┆ --- │
// │ str ┆ f64 ┆ str ┆ f64 │
// ╞══════════╪══════════════╪══════════╪══════════════╡
// │ ailibaba ┆ 7.77277778e8 ┆ ailibaba ┆ 7.77277778e8 │
// │ baidu ┆ 8.6556e7 ┆ baidu ┆ 8.6556e7 │
// └──────────┴──────────────┴──────────┴──────────────┘
}fn as_struct_in_df(){// features = >lazylet df: DataFrame = df!("company" => &["ailibaba", "baidu"],"profit" => &[777277778.0, 86555555.9]).unwrap();// as_struct: 生成相关struct列let _df = df.clone().lazy().with_columns([as_struct(vec![col("company"),col("profit")]).alias("info")]).collect().unwrap();let df_ = df.clone().lazy().with_columns([as_struct(vec![col("*")]).alias("info")]).collect().unwrap();assert_eq!(_df,df_);println!("df :{}",_df);// df :shape: (2, 3)// ┌──────────┬──────────────┬───────────────────────────┐// │ company ┆ profit ┆ info │// │ --- ┆ --- ┆ --- │// │ str ┆ f64 ┆ struct[2] │// ╞══════════╪══════════════╪═══════════════════════════╡// │ ailibaba ┆ 7.77277778e8 ┆ {"ailibaba",7.77277778e8} │// │ baidu ┆ 8.6556e7 ┆ {"baidu",8.6556e7} │// └──────────┴──────────────┴───────────────────────────┘}fn struct_apply_in_df(){let df = df!("lang" => &["julia", "go", "rust","c","c++"],"ratings" => &["AAAA", "AAA", "AAAAA","AAAA","AAA"],"users" =>&[201,303,278,99,87],"references"=>&[5,6,9,4,1] ).unwrap();// 需求：生成一列struct {lang,ratings,users},并应用apply对struct进行操作,具体见表：let out = df.lazy().with_columns([// 得到 struct 列as_struct(vec![col("lang"), col("ratings"),col("users")])// 应用 apply.apply(|s| {// 从series得到structlet ss = s.struct_().unwrap();// 拆出 Serieslet s_lang = ss.field_by_name("lang").unwrap();let s_ratings = ss.field_by_name("ratings").unwrap();let s_users = ss.field_by_name("users").unwrap();// downcast the `Series` to their known typelet _s_lang = s_lang.str().unwrap();let _s_ratings = s_ratings.str().unwrap();let _s_users = s_users.i32().unwrap();// zip series`let out: StringChunked = _s_lang.into_iter().zip(_s_ratings).zip(_s_users).map(|((opt_lang, opt_rating),opt_user)| match (opt_lang, opt_rating,opt_user) {(Some(la), Some(ra),Some(us)) => Some(format!("{}-{}-{}",la,ra,us)),_ => None,}).collect();Ok(Some(out.into_series()))},GetOutput::from_type(DataType::String),).alias("links-three"),]).collect().unwrap();println!("{}", out);// shape: (5, 5)
// ┌───────┬─────────┬───────┬────────────┬────────────────┐
// │ lang ┆ ratings ┆ users ┆ references ┆ links-three │
// │ --- ┆ --- ┆ --- ┆ --- ┆ --- │
// │ str ┆ str ┆ i32 ┆ i32 ┆ str │
// ╞═══════╪═════════╪═══════╪════════════╪════════════════╡
// │ julia ┆ AAAA ┆ 201 ┆ 5 ┆ julia-AAAA-201 │
// │ go ┆ AAA ┆ 303 ┆ 6 ┆ go-AAA-303 │
// │ rust ┆ AAAAA ┆ 278 ┆ 9 ┆ rust-AAAAA-278 │
// │ c ┆ AAAA ┆ 99 ┆ 4 ┆ c-AAAA-99 │
// │ c++ ┆ AAA ┆ 87 ┆ 1 ┆ c++-AAA-87 │
// └───────┴─────────┴───────┴────────────┴────────────────┘}