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openGauss学习笔记-120 openGauss 数据库管理-设置密态等值查询-概述及使用gsql操作密态数据库

120.1 密态等值查询概述

随着企业数据上云，数据的安全隐私保护面临越来越严重的挑战。密态数据库将解决数据整个生命周期中的隐私保护问题，涵盖网络传输、数据存储以及数据运行态；更进一步，密态数据库可以实现云化场景下的数据隐私权限分离，即实现数据拥有者和实际数据管理者的数据读取能力分离。密态等值查询将优先解决密文数据的等值类查询问题。密态等值查询目前支持客户端工具gsql和JDBC。接下来分别介绍如何使用客户端工具执行密态等值查询的相关操作。

120.2 使用gsql操作密态数据库

1. 以操作系统用户omm登录CN所在主机。

2. 执行以下命令打开密态开关，连接密态数据库。

   gsql -p PORT postgres -r -C
   

3. 创建客户端主密钥CMK和列加密密钥CEK。创建CMK的语法请参考CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY、创建的CEK的语法请参考CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY。

   --创建客户端加密主密钥(CMK)
   openGauss=# CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY ImgCMK1 WITH (KEY_STORE = localkms, KEY_PATH = "key_path_value1", ALGORITHM = RSA_2048);
   openGauss=# CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY ImgCMK WITH (KEY_STORE = localkms, KEY_PATH = "key_path_value2", ALGORITHM = RSA_2048);
   openGauss=# CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY ImgCEK1 WITH VALUES (CLIENT_MASTER_KEY = ImgCMK1, ALGORITHM  = AEAD_AES_256_CBC_HMAC_SHA256);
   CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
   openGauss=# CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY ImgCEK WITH VALUES (CLIENT_MASTER_KEY = ImgCMK, ALGORITHM  = AEAD_AES_256_CBC_HMAC_SHA256);
   CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
   

   查询存储密钥信息的系统表结果如下。

   openGauss=# SELECT * FROM gs_client_global_keys;global_key_name | key_namespace | key_owner | key_acl |        create_date
   -----------------+---------------+-----------+---------+----------------------------imgcmk1         |          2200 |        10 |         | 2021-04-21 11:04:00.656617imgcmk          |          2200 |        10 |         | 2021-04-21 11:04:05.389746
   (2 rows)
   openGauss=# SELECT column_key_name,column_key_distributed_id ,global_key_id,key_owner  FROM gs_column_keys;column_key_name | column_key_distributed_id | global_key_id | key_owner
   -----------------+---------------------------+---------------+-----------imgcek1         |                 760411027 |         16392 |        10imgcek          |                3618369306 |         16398 |        10
   (2 rows)
   

4. 创建加密表。

   openGauss=# CREATE TABLE creditcard_info (id_number    int, name         text encrypted with (column_encryption_key = ImgCEK, encryption_type = DETERMINISTIC),
   credit_card  varchar(19) encrypted with (column_encryption_key = ImgCEK1, encryption_type = DETERMINISTIC));
   NOTICE:  The 'DISTRIBUTE BY' clause is not specified. Using 'id_number' as the distribution column by default.
   HINT:  Please use 'DISTRIBUTE BY' clause to specify suitable data distribution column.
   CREATE TABLE
   

   查询表的详细信息如下，Modifiers值为encrypted则表示该列是加密列。

   openGauss=# \d creditcard_infoTable "public.creditcard_info"Column    |       Type        | Modifiers
   -------------+-------------------+------------id_number   | integer           |name        | text              |  encryptedcredit_card | character varying |  encrypted
   

5. 向加密表插入数据并进行等值查询。

   openGauss=# INSERT INTO creditcard_info VALUES (1,'joe','6217986500001288393');
   INSERT 0 1
   openGauss=# INSERT INTO creditcard_info VALUES (2, 'joy','6219985678349800033');
   INSERT 0 1
   openGauss=# select * from creditcard_info where name = 'joe';id_number | name |     credit_card
   -----------+------+---------------------1 | joe  | 6217986500001288393
   (1 row)
   注意：使用非密态客户端查看该加密表数据时是密文
   openGauss=# select id_number,name from creditcard_info;id_number |                                                                         name
   -----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 | \x011aefabd754ded0a536a96664790622487c4d366d313aecd5839e410a46d29cba96a60e4831000000ee79056a114c9a6c041bb552b78052e912a8b730609142074c63791abebd0d382 | \x011aefabd76853108eb406c0f90e7c773b71648fa6e2b8028cf634b49aec65b4fcfb376f3531000000f7471c8686682de215d09aa87113f6fb03884be2031ef4dd967afc6f7901646b
   (2 rows)
   

6. （可选）对加密表进行alter和update操作。

   openGauss=# ALTER TABLE creditcard_info ADD COLUMN age int ENCRYPTED WITH (COLUMN_ENCRYPTION_KEY = ImgCEK, ENCRYPTION_TYPE = DETERMINISTIC);
   ALTER TABLE
   openGauss=# \d creditcard_infoTable "public.creditcard_info"Column    |       Type        | Modifiers
   -------------+-------------------+------------id_number   | integer           |name        | text              |  encryptedcredit_card | character varying |  encryptedage         | integer           |  encrypted
   openGauss=# ALTER TABLE creditcard_info DROP COLUMN age;
   ALTER TABLE
   openGauss=# update creditcard_info set credit_card = '80000000011111111' where name = 'joy';
   UPDATE 1
   openGauss=# select * from creditcard_info  where name = 'joy';id_number | name |    credit_card
   -----------+------+-------------------2 | joy  | 80000000011111111
   (1 row)
   

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