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视频介绍了在虚拟机安装centos 7.9并安装数据库软件的全过程
视频链接：https://www.zhihu.com/zvideo/1721267375351996416
下面的文字描述是安装数据库的部分介绍
一.安装环境准备
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Ogn47UZQ2w7iiHAiVdWDSQ
提取码：3369
下载完成后上传到虚拟机：
主机和虚拟机共享文件设置-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/u010184335/article/details/135114551?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502
预安装：
cp oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm.rpm /root/
mv oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm.rpm oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm## 本地安装
yum localinstall -y /root/oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
如果yum报错：Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...
执行删除命令：rm -rf /var/run/yum.pid
安装依赖包：
yum install -y bc gcc gcc-c++ binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++ dtrace-modules dtrace-modules-headers dtrace-modules-provider-headers dtrace-utils elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel fontconfig-devel glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libdtrace-ctf-devel libX11 libXau libXi libXtst libXrender libXrender-devel libgcc librdmacm-devel libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libxcb make smartmontools sysstat
创建用户，创建文件夹并授权
adduser oracle
passwd oraclemkdir -p /app/oracle/product/19.3.000/db_home
mkdir -p /app/oraInventory
mv LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip /root/
## 解压文件
unzip LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip -d /app/oracle/product/19.3.000/db_home
cd /app/oracle/product/19.3.000/db_homechown -R oracle:oinstall /app/oracle/
chown -R oracle:oinstall /app/oracle/product/19.3.000/db_home
chmod -R 775 /app/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /app/oraInventory/
oracle用户配置环境变量
su - oracle
vim ~/.bash_profile###########配置文件内容###########
export JAVA_HOME=/home/vagrant/jdk1.8
ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl
export ORACLE_UNQNAME
ORACLE_BASE=/app/oracle/
export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.3.000/db_home
export ORACLE_HOME
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY:MM:DDHH24:MI:SS"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
export NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data
PATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export CLASSPATH
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
export TEMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp
umask 022二.图形化安装
安装vnc server
root：
yum install tigervnc-server
yum -y install xorg-x11-server-utils-7.7-20.el7.x86_64## 启动 vnc服务
vncserver
export DISPLAY=:0
yum install xorg-x11-apps
xhost +
xclock
cp /root/.Xauthority /home/oracle/ --可选
chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/ --可选su - oracle
export DISPLAY=:0
cd /app/oracle/product/19.3.000/db_home
./runInstaller
如果调用xclock图形的时候有这个warning:Warning: Missing charsets in String to FontSet conversion，设置下如下变量
export LANG=C
[root@oracle19c Desktop]# which xclock
/bin/xclock因篇幅有点长，图形化安装oracle的过程详细可见最上面的视频，就不一一截图在这里了。
如果数据库启动时报：ORA-01102: cannot mount database in EXCLUSIVE mode
cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
fuser -u lkORCL
fuser -k + lkORCL打开数据库查看基本情况，因为装的是cdb,打开后可以看到有一个默认的pdb
SYS@orcl>select open_mode,database_role from v$database;OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE
---------------------------------------- --------------------------------
READ WRITE PRIMARYSYS@orcl>show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 ORCLPDB MOUNTED