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实现一个图形类(Shape) ，包含受保护成员属性:周长、面积，
                        公共成员函数:特殊成员函数书写
定义一个圆形类(Circle) ，继承自图形类，包含私有属性:半径
                        公共成员函数:特殊成员函数、以及获取周长、获取面积函数
定义一个矩形类(Rect)，继承自图形类，包含私有属性:长度、宽度
                        公共成员函数:特殊成员函数、以及获取周长、获取面积函数
在主函数中，分别实例化圆形类对象以及矩形类对象，并测试相关的成员函数。

#include <iostream>
#define pai 3.14159
using namespace std;
//图形类
class Shape
{
protected:double cir;   //周长double area;   //面积
public://无参构造函数Shape(){}//有参构造函数Shape(double a,double b):cir(a),area(b){cout<<"Shape有参构造函数"<<endl;}//析构函数~Shape(){cout<<"Shape析构函数"<<endl;}//拷贝构造函数Shape(const Shape &other):cir(other.cir),area(other.area){cout<<"拷贝构造函数"<<endl;}//定义拷贝赋值函数Shape &operator=(const Shape &other){this->cir =other.cir;this->area =other.area;return *this;}//移动赋值函数Shape &operator=(Shape &&other){this->cir =other.cir;this->area =other.area;return *this;}};//圆形类,继承图形类
class Circle:public Shape
{
private:double r;  //半径
public://无参构造函数Circle(){}//有参构造函数Circle(double c):r(c){cout<<"Circle有参构造函数"<<endl;}//析构函数~Circle(){cout<<"Circle析构函数"<<endl;}//拷贝构造函数Circle(const Circle &other):r(other.r){cout<<"拷贝构造函数"<<endl;}//定义拷贝赋值函数Circle &operator=(const Circle &other){this->r =other.r;return *this;}//移动赋值函数Circle &operator=(Circle &&other){this->r =other.r;return *this;}//获取周长double get_len(){cir = 2 * r * pai;return cir;}//获取面积double get_area(){area = pai * r * r;return area;}};//定义一个矩形类，继承自图形类
class Rect:public Shape
{
private:double lenth;  //长度double width;  //宽度
public://无参构造函数Rect(){}//有参构造函数Rect(double l,double w):lenth(l),width(w){cout<<"Rect有参构造函数"<<endl;}//析构函数~Rect(){cout<<"Rect析构函数"<<endl;}//拷贝构造函数Rect(const Rect &other):lenth(other.lenth),width(other.width){cout<<"拷贝构造函数"<<endl;}//定义拷贝赋值函数Rect &operator=(const Rect &other){this->width =other.width;this->lenth = other.lenth;return *this;}//移动赋值函数Rect &operator=(Rect &&other){this->width =other.width;this->lenth = other.lenth;return *this;}//获取周长double get_len(){cir = (width+lenth)*2;return cir;}//获取面积double get_area(){area = lenth * width;return area;}};int main()
{Circle c1(5.3);cout<<"周长是"<<c1.get_len()<<"   面积是:"<<c1.get_area()<<endl;Circle c2(c1);cout<<"周长是"<<c2.get_len()<<"   面积是:"<<c2.get_area()<<endl;Circle c3 = (2);cout<<"周长是"<<c3.get_len()<<"   面积是:"<<c3.get_area()<<endl;cout<<"*********************************************************"<<endl;Rect r1(2.4,9.9);cout<<"Rect周长是"<<r1.get_len()<<"   Rect面积是:"<<r1.get_area()<<endl;Rect r2(r1);cout<<"Rect周长是"<<r2.get_len()<<"   Rect面积是:"<<r2.get_area()<<endl;Rect r3(1.2,3.4);cout<<"Rect周长是"<<r3.get_len()<<"   Rect面积是:"<<r3.get_area()<<endl;Rect r4 = r3;cout<<"Rect周长是"<<r4.get_len()<<"   Rect面积是:"<<r4.get_area()<<endl;return 0;
}