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最新学习了刘伟老师的设计模式:简单工厂模式,
史上最全设计模式导学目录(完整版)_刘伟技术博客-CSDN博客
工厂三兄弟之简单工厂模式(一)_刘伟技术博客-CSDN博客工厂三兄弟之简单工厂模式(二)_刘伟技术博客-CSDN博客工厂三兄弟之简单工厂模式(三)_刘伟技术博客-CSDN博客工厂三兄弟之简单工厂模式(四)_刘伟技术博客-CSDN博客
做一下后面的练习题
练习
使用简单工厂模式设计一个可以创建不同几何形状(如圆形、方形和三角形等)的绘图工具,每个几何图形都具有绘制draw()和擦除erase()两个方法,要求在绘制不支持的几何图形时,提示一个UnSupportedShapeException。
先分析问题: 首先是有图形工具,可以创建不同形状,工具里面有两个方法,绘制daw()和擦除erase()。
首先定义一个抽象类Shape,并针对抽象类Shape定义一个工厂类ShapeFactory
package com.pattern.simplefactory;public abstract class Shape {/*** 绘制方法*/abstract void draw();/**** 擦除方法*/protected void erase(){for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {System.out.println();}}
}
定义具体的形状
package com.pattern.simplefactory;
/*** 圆形*/
public class ShapeCircular extends Shape{@Overridepublic void draw() {int r=8;//圆形的半径for (int y = 0; y <= 2 * r; y += 2) {//y的步长为2,改变y的步长可以将圆形变成椭圆int x = (int)Math.round(r - Math.sqrt(2 * r * y - y * y));int len = 2 * (r - x);for (int i = 0; i <= x; i++) {System.out.print(' ');}System.out.print('*');for (int j = 0; j <= len; j++) {System.out.print('*');}System.out.println('*');}}
}package com.pattern.simplefactory;
/*** 方形*/
public class ShapeSquare extends Shape{@Overridevoid draw() {int i = 5;for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {for (int k = 0; k <= i; k++) {System.out.print(" * ");}System.out.println();}}
}package com.pattern.simplefactory;
/*** 三角形*/
public class ShapeTriangle extends Shape{@Overridevoid draw() {int i= 5;for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {int spea = (i-j);for (int k = 0; k < spea; k++) {System.out.print(" ");}for (int k = 0; k < j; k++) {System.out.print("*");}for (int k = 0; k < j-1; k++) {System.out.print("*");}System.out.println();}}
}
然后创建具体的工厂类ShapeFactory,其中如果有不支持的图形就报UnSupportedShapeException错误。:
package com.pattern.simplefactory;import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;/*** 图形工厂*/
public class ShapeFactory {private static String Circular = "Circular";private static String Square = "Square";private static String Triangle = "Triangle";public static Shape getShape(String shapeStr){Shape shape = null;if(Circular.equals(shapeStr)){shape = new ShapeCircular();}else if(Square.equals(shapeStr)){shape = new ShapeSquare();}else if(Triangle.equals(shapeStr)){shape = new ShapeTriangle();}else{throw new UnSupportedShapeException();}return shape;}
}
最后定义一个UnSupportedShapeException类 继承RuntimeException
package com.pattern.simplefactory;public class UnSupportedShapeException extends RuntimeException{
}
最后测试一下:
package com.pattern.simplefactory;public class Client {public static void main(String[] args) {//打印方形Shape shape = ShapeFactory.getShape("Square");shape.draw();//打印三角形Shape shape1 = ShapeFactory.getShape("Triangle");shape1.draw();//打印圆形Shape shape2 = ShapeFactory.getShape("Circular");shape2.draw();//擦除shape2.erase();}
}
最后运行结果:
然后再思考一下,在工厂里面如果多次调用同一种形状每次会new一个全新的Shape.并且每次创建的Shape本身也并没有什么差别。这里可以用享元模式的思路来做一下改善:
这里给一个享元模式入口史上最全设计模式导学目录(完整版)_刘伟技术博客-CSDN博客
享元模式(Flyweight Pattern):运用共享技术有效地支持大量细粒度对象的复用。系统只使用少量的对象,而这些对象都很相似,状态变化很小,可以实现对象的多次复用。由于享元模式要求能够共享的对象必须是细粒度对象,因此它又称为轻量级模式,它是一种对象结构型模式。
package com.pattern.simplefactory;import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;/*** 图形工厂*/
public class ShapeFactory {private static String Circular = "Circular";private static String Square = "Square";private static String Triangle = "Triangle";private static Map<String,Shape> shapeMap = new HashMap<>();public static Shape getShape(String shapeStr){Shape shape = null;//享元模式if(shapeMap.containsKey(shapeStr)){shape = shapeMap.get(shapeStr);return shape;}if(Circular.equals(shapeStr)){shape = new ShapeCircular();}else if(Square.equals(shapeStr)){shape = new ShapeSquare();}else if(Triangle.equals(shapeStr)){shape = new ShapeTriangle();}else{throw new UnSupportedShapeException();}shapeMap.put(shapeStr, shape);return shape;}
}