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前言

例如：随着人工智能的不断发展，机器学习这门技术也越来越重要，很多人都开启了学习机器学习，本文就介绍了机器学习的基础内容。

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一、基础组件下载

• luajit2-2.1-20220411.tar.gz #luajit官网存在一定的坑，下载openresty的优化版本
  https://github.com/openresty/luajit2/archive/refs/tags/v2.1-20220411.tar.gz
• lua-nginx-module-0.10.22.tar.gz # 0.10.16 以后都需要 lua-resty-core和lua-resty-lrucache
  https://github.com/openresty/lua-nginx-module/archive/refs/tags/v0.10.22.tar.gz
• lua-resty-core-0.1.24.tar.gz [lua-nginx-module依赖]
  https://github.com/openresty/lua-resty-core/archive/refs/tags/v0.1.24.tar.gz
• lua-resty-lrucache-0.12.tar.gz [lua-nginx-module依赖]
  https://github.com/openresty/lua-resty-lrucache/archive/refs/tags/v0.12.tar.gz
• ngx_devel_kit-0.3.2.tar.gz
  https://github.com/vision5/ngx_devel_kit/archive/refs/tags/v0.3.2.tar.gz
• nginx-1.21.6.tar.gz
  http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.21.6.tar.gz
• lua-cjson-2.1.0.9.tar.gz
  https://github.com/openresty/lua-cjson/archive/refs/tags/2.1.0.9.tar.gz
• lua-resty-string-0.15.tar.gz
  https://github.com/SkyLothar/lua-resty-jwt/archive/refs/tags/v0.1.11.tar.gz
• lua-resty-jwt-0.1.11.tar.gz
  https://github.com/SkyLothar/lua-resty-jwt/archive/refs/tags/v0.1.11.tar.gz
• lua-resty-hmac-0.06.tar.gz
  https://github.com/SkyLothar/lua-resty-jwt/archive/refs/tags/v0.1.11.tar.gz

二、组件安装

1.luajit安装

编译

cd /opt/lua/
tar -zxvf v2.1-20210510.tar.gz
cd luajit2-2.1-20210510
make & make install

加载

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libluajit-5.1.so.2 /lib64/liblua-5.1.so.2
echo "/usr/local/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
ldconfig

配置环境变量

vi /etc/profile
#增加下面内容
export LUAJIT_INC=/usr/local/include/luajit-2.1
export LUAJIT_LIB=/usr/local/lib
#立刻生效
source /etc/profile

2.lua-nginx-module安装

cd /opt/lua/
tar -zxvf lua-nginx-module-0.10.20.tar.gz

3.lua-resty-core安装

cd /opt/lua/
tar -zxvf lua-resty-core-0.1.22.tar.gz
cd lua-resty-core-0.1.22
make install PREFIX=/usr/local/lua_core

4.lua-resty-lrucache安装

cd /opt/lua/
tar -zxvf lua-resty-lrucache-0.10.tar.gz
cd lua-resty-lrucache-0.10
make install PREFIX=/usr/local/lua_core

5.ngx_devel_kit安装

cd /opt/lua/
tar -zxvf ngx_devel_kit-0.3.1.tar.gz

6.nginx加载lua模块

nginx安装可参考往期文章：nginx安装部署详细手册

./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx/nginx  --with-compat --with-file-aio --with-threads --with-http_addition_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_slice_module --with-openssl=/opt/openssl-1.1.1t --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_v2_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-stream --with-stream_realip_module --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -fPIC' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -pie' --add-module=/opt/nginx/ngx_devel_kit-0.3.2 --add-module=/opt/nginx/lua-nginx-module-0.10.22
make -j2
make install

nginx.conf配置文件中，http模块增加包依赖

lua_package_path "/usr/local/lua_core/lib/lua/?.lua;;";

增加lua测试代码

location /hello { default_type 'text/plain'; content_by_lua 'ngx.say("hello, lua")'; 
}

检查配置
/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
加载配置
/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

访问192.168.19.110/hello，返回hello,lua，说明nginx集成lua成功

至此已经可以使用lua基本功能了，笔者因想使用lua实现jwt校验，所以后续还需要安装cjson和retry-http

7.lua-cjson安装

cd /opt/lua
tar -zxvf /lua-cjson-2.1.0.9.tar.gz
cd lua-cjson-2.1.0.9

修改Makefile，指定luajit

vi Makefile

将LUA_INCLUDE_DIR的值$(PREFIX)/include改为/usr/local/include/luajit-2.1

make && make install
cp cjson.so /usr/local/lib/lua/5.1/
chmod 755 /usr/local/lib/lua/5.1/cjson.so

8.lua-resty-string安装

cd /opt/lua/
tar -zxvf lua-resty-string-0.15.tar.gz
cd lua-resty-string-0.15
make install PREFIX=/usr/local/lua_core

9.lua-resty-jwt安装

cd /opt/lua/
tar -zxvf lua-resty-jwt-0.1.11.tar.gz
cp lua-resty-jwt-0.1.11/lib/resty/* /usr/local/lua_core/lib/lua/resty

10.lua-resty-hmac安装

cd /opt/lua/
tar -zxvf lua-resty-hmac-0.06.tar.gz
cp lua-resty-hmac-0.06/lib/resty/* /usr/local/lua_core/lib/lua/resty

至此，lua和jwt都集成完成，可以通过下面样例进行测试

nginx.conf配置文件中，http模块增加包依赖

lua_package_path "/usr/local/lua_core/lib/lua/?.lua;;";

增加lua测试代码

location /verify {default_type text/html;content_by_lua 'local cjson = require "cjson"local jwt = require "resty.jwt"local jwt_token = "eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9" ..".eyJmb28iOiJiYXIifQ" ..".VAoRL1IU0nOguxURF2ZcKR0SGKE1gCbqwyh8u2MLAyY"local jwt_obj = jwt:verify("lua-resty-jwt", jwt_token)ngx.say(cjson.encode(jwt_obj))';
}

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三、验证jwt中属性实现蓝绿发布样例

1.nginx配置修改

nginx.conf增加demo路由，并依赖自己写的jwttoken.lua

#demo
location /sign {access_by_lua_block {local jwt = require "jwttoken"--type,value,redirectUrl(蓝绿类型,具体值,重定向地址)--1-按员工code蓝绿，2-按部门id蓝绿，3-按ip蓝绿jwt.auth("1","1001","http://www.baidu.com")ngx.say("hello world")}
}

2.上传jwttoken.lua

将jwttoken.lua放到nignx所在服务器的/usr/local/lua_core/lib/lua/目录下
代码如下：

-- nginx-jwt.lualocal cjson = require "cjson"
local jwt = require "resty.jwt"--your secret
local secret = "yoursecret"
--无需鉴权api清单
local no_need_token_api_list = {'/v1/login'}
local function ignore_url (val)for index, value in ipairs(no_need_token_api_list) doif (value == val) thenreturn trueendendreturn false
end--获取客户端ip
local function get_client_ip()local headers = ngx.req.get_headers()local ip = headers["X-REAL-IP"] or headers["X_FORWARDED_FOR"] or ngx.var.remote_addr or "0.0.0.0"return ip
endlocal M = {}function M.auth(type,value,redirectUrl)if ignore_url(ngx.var.request_uri) thenreturnelseend-- 根据ip判定蓝绿发布if(type == "3") thenlocal ip = get_client_ip()if(ip == value) thenngx.redirect(redirectUrl)elsereturnendend-- require Authorization request headerlocal auth_header = ngx.var.http_Authorizationif auth_header == nil thenngx.log(ngx.DEBUG, "No Authorization header")return--ngx.exit(ngx.HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED)end-- require Bearer tokenlocal _, _, token = string.find(auth_header, "Bearer%s+(.+)")if token == nil thenngx.log(ngx.DEBUG, "Missing token")return--ngx.exit(ngx.HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED)end--decode_base64和后端保持一致local jwt_obj = jwt:verify(ngx.decode_base64(secret), token)--if jwt_obj.verified == false then--    ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "Invalid token: ".. jwt_obj.reason)--    ngx.status = ngx.HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED--    ngx.say(cjson.encode(jwt_obj))--    ngx.header.content_type = "application/json; charset=utf-8"--    ngx.exit(ngx.HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED)--endif jwt_obj.payload ~= nil thenngx.log(ngx.DEBUG, cjson.encode(jwt_obj))-- 根据员工code判定蓝绿发布if(type == "1") thenif jwt_obj.payload.emplCode == value thenngx.redirect(redirectUrl)elsereturnend-- 根据部门id判定蓝绿发布elseif(type == "2") thenif jwt_obj.payload.departId == value thenngx.redirect(redirectUrl)elsereturnendendendendreturn M

完成后，重新加载nginx配置即可

加载配置
/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

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结尾

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