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Docker Compose 部署

在使用docker部署时，除了使用--link的方式来关联容器之外，还可以使用 docker compose 运行多个容器。

本文以项目：https://github.com/johncxf/go-api 为例。

定义 Dockerfile

我这里用于区分默认 Dockerfile 文件，在项目根目录下新建一个 Dockerfile-compose 文件：

FROM golang:alpine AS builder# 在容器内部设置环境变量
ENV GO111MODULE=on \GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct \CGO_ENABLED=0 \GOOS=linux \GOARCH=amd64# 设置后续指令的工作目录
WORKDIR /build# 复制项目中的 go.mod 和 go.sum文件并下载依赖信息
COPY go.mod .
COPY go.sum .
RUN go mod download# 将代码复制到容器中
COPY . .# 将代码编译成二进制可执行文件
RUN go build -o go-api .# 创建一个小镜像
#FROM scratch
FROM debian:stretch-slimCOPY ./config /config# 从builder镜像中把 /build/go-api 拷贝到当前目录
COPY --from=builder /build/go-api /# 需要运行的命令（docker compose 运行不需要执行这一行）
#ENTRYPOINT ["/go-api", "config/env.yml"]

docker-compose.yml

新建 docker-compose.yml配置文件与项目根目录下。

我这里配置了mysql、redis、go-api三个容器，配置以及说明如下：

version: "3.7"
services:mysql:# 镜像版本号image: mysql:8.0.33# 容器名container_name: go-web-mysql# 端口号映射ports:- "8306:3306"# 失败后总是重启restart: "always"command: "--default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password --init-file /data/application/init.sql"environment:MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: "root123456" # root 账号密码MYSQL_DATABASE: "test"            # 数据库# 将mysql相关数据挂载到本机目录volumes:- ~/docker-data/go-api/mysql/init.sql:/data/application/init.sql- ~/docker-data/go-api/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql           #数据文件挂载- ~/docker-data/go-api/mysql/conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d      #配置文件挂载- ~/docker-data/go-api/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql            #日志文件挂载redis:# 镜像版本号image: redis:7.2.4# 容器名container_name: go-web-redis# 端口号ports:- "6379:6379"# 失败后总是重启restart: "always"# 以配置文件的方式启动 redis.confcommand: "redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf --appendonly yes --requirepass root123456"# 文件夹以及文件映射volumes:- ~/docker-data/go-api/redis:/data- ~/docker-data/go-api/redis/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.confgo-api:# 容器名container_name: go-web-apibuild:context: .dockerfile: Dockerfile-compose  # 默认为 Dockerfile，这里重新定义为 Dockerfile-compose 文件# 失败后总是重启restart: "always"#    command: sh -c "./wait-for-it.sh mysql:3306 -- ./go-api ./config/env.yml"command: [ "/wait-for-it.sh", "mysql:3306", "--", "/go-api", "config/env.yml" ]# 依赖启动项depends_on:- mysql- redis# 端口映射ports:- "8888:8088"

Mysql 状态检测

docker-compose.yml 配置文件中 depends_on字段仅能保证web服务启动时，mysql服务处于Running状态而不是Ready状态，因为go-api需要等待mysql启动后再启动，因此需要添加一个wait-for-it.sh脚本文件，检测mysql服务是否处于Ready状态。

在项目根目录下新建 wait-for-it.sh 文件：

#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Use this script to test if a given TCP host/port are availableWAITFORIT_cmdname=${0##*/}echoerr() { if [[ $WAITFORIT_QUIET -ne 1 ]]; then echo "$@" 1>&2; fi }usage()
{cat << USAGE >&2
Usage:$WAITFORIT_cmdname host:port [-s] [-t timeout] [-- command args]-h HOST | --host=HOST       Host or IP under test-p PORT | --port=PORT       TCP port under testAlternatively, you specify the host and port as host:port-s | --strict               Only execute subcommand if the test succeeds-q | --quiet                Don't output any status messages-t TIMEOUT | --timeout=TIMEOUTTimeout in seconds, zero for no timeout-- COMMAND ARGS             Execute command with args after the test finishes
USAGEexit 1
}wait_for()
{if [[ $WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT -gt 0 ]]; thenechoerr "$WAITFORIT_cmdname: waiting $WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT seconds for $WAITFORIT_HOST:$WAITFORIT_PORT"elseechoerr "$WAITFORIT_cmdname: waiting for $WAITFORIT_HOST:$WAITFORIT_PORT without a timeout"fiWAITFORIT_start_ts=$(date +%s)while :doif [[ $WAITFORIT_ISBUSY -eq 1 ]]; thennc -z $WAITFORIT_HOST $WAITFORIT_PORTWAITFORIT_result=$?else(echo -n > /dev/tcp/$WAITFORIT_HOST/$WAITFORIT_PORT) >/dev/null 2>&1WAITFORIT_result=$?fiif [[ $WAITFORIT_result -eq 0 ]]; thenWAITFORIT_end_ts=$(date +%s)echoerr "$WAITFORIT_cmdname: $WAITFORIT_HOST:$WAITFORIT_PORT is available after $((WAITFORIT_end_ts - WAITFORIT_start_ts)) seconds"breakfisleep 1donereturn $WAITFORIT_result
}wait_for_wrapper()
{# In order to support SIGINT during timeout: http://unix.stackexchange.com/a/57692if [[ $WAITFORIT_QUIET -eq 1 ]]; thentimeout $WAITFORIT_BUSYTIMEFLAG $WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT $0 --quiet --child --host=$WAITFORIT_HOST --port=$WAITFORIT_PORT --timeout=$WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT &elsetimeout $WAITFORIT_BUSYTIMEFLAG $WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT $0 --child --host=$WAITFORIT_HOST --port=$WAITFORIT_PORT --timeout=$WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT &fiWAITFORIT_PID=$!trap "kill -INT -$WAITFORIT_PID" INTwait $WAITFORIT_PIDWAITFORIT_RESULT=$?if [[ $WAITFORIT_RESULT -ne 0 ]]; thenechoerr "$WAITFORIT_cmdname: timeout occurred after waiting $WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT seconds for $WAITFORIT_HOST:$WAITFORIT_PORT"fireturn $WAITFORIT_RESULT
}# process arguments
while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]
docase "$1" in*:* )WAITFORIT_hostport=(${1//:/ })WAITFORIT_HOST=${WAITFORIT_hostport[0]}WAITFORIT_PORT=${WAITFORIT_hostport[1]}shift 1;;--child)WAITFORIT_CHILD=1shift 1;;-q | --quiet)WAITFORIT_QUIET=1shift 1;;-s | --strict)WAITFORIT_STRICT=1shift 1;;-h)WAITFORIT_HOST="$2"if [[ $WAITFORIT_HOST == "" ]]; then break; fishift 2;;--host=*)WAITFORIT_HOST="${1#*=}"shift 1;;-p)WAITFORIT_PORT="$2"if [[ $WAITFORIT_PORT == "" ]]; then break; fishift 2;;--port=*)WAITFORIT_PORT="${1#*=}"shift 1;;-t)WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT="$2"if [[ $WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT == "" ]]; then break; fishift 2;;--timeout=*)WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT="${1#*=}"shift 1;;--)shiftWAITFORIT_CLI=("$@")break;;--help)usage;;*)echoerr "Unknown argument: $1"usage;;esac
doneif [[ "$WAITFORIT_HOST" == "" || "$WAITFORIT_PORT" == "" ]]; thenechoerr "Error: you need to provide a host and port to test."usage
fiWAITFORIT_TIMEOUT=${WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT:-15}
WAITFORIT_STRICT=${WAITFORIT_STRICT:-0}
WAITFORIT_CHILD=${WAITFORIT_CHILD:-0}
WAITFORIT_QUIET=${WAITFORIT_QUIET:-0}# Check to see if timeout is from busybox?
WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT_PATH=$(type -p timeout)
WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT_PATH=$(realpath $WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT_PATH 2>/dev/null || readlink -f $WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT_PATH)WAITFORIT_BUSYTIMEFLAG=""
if [[ $WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT_PATH =~ "busybox" ]]; thenWAITFORIT_ISBUSY=1# Check if busybox timeout uses -t flag# (recent Alpine versions don't support -t anymore)if timeout &>/dev/stdout | grep -q -e '-t '; thenWAITFORIT_BUSYTIMEFLAG="-t"fi
elseWAITFORIT_ISBUSY=0
fiif [[ $WAITFORIT_CHILD -gt 0 ]]; thenwait_forWAITFORIT_RESULT=$?exit $WAITFORIT_RESULT
elseif [[ $WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT -gt 0 ]]; thenwait_for_wrapperWAITFORIT_RESULT=$?elsewait_forWAITFORIT_RESULT=$?fi
fiif [[ $WAITFORIT_CLI != "" ]]; thenif [[ $WAITFORIT_RESULT -ne 0 && $WAITFORIT_STRICT -eq 1 ]]; thenechoerr "$WAITFORIT_cmdname: strict mode, refusing to execute subprocess"exit $WAITFORIT_RESULTfiexec "${WAITFORIT_CLI[@]}"
elseexit $WAITFORIT_RESULT
fi

构建启动

# 会根据 docker-compose 文件，构建镜像，并启动所有容器
$ docker-compose up -d# 查看容器
$ docker-compose ps -a# 停止所有容器
$ docker-compose down

启动成功后，接下来就可以通过http://127.0.0.1:8888进行访问了。

如果连接 Mysql 出现报错，可以参考：

Msql 进入容器使用 127.0.0.1连接mysql报错：ERROR 1130 (HY000): Host '127.0.0.1' is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server，可以直接输入 mysql进入，执行以下操作：

> use mysql;
> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Mysql root 密码设置不生效解决：

> use mysql;
> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'root123456';
> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

文章推荐：

• Docker部署Golang服务
• Docker 入门指南
• Docker compose 常用指令