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什么是词云图？

词云图，也叫文字云，是对网络文本中出现频率较高的“关键词”予以视觉上的突出，出现越多，显示的字体越大，越突出，这个关键词也就越重要。让浏览者通过词云图一眼就可以快速感知最突出的文字，迅速抓住重点，了解主旨。

词云图的应用？

下面这张图是CSDN每天值得看的统计词云,从图上我们可以清楚的看到每种技术在每天在CSDN上发布的权重，这样就能大致了解每日用户的关注点，以便给用户推送更有价值的内容。

如何实现词云图？

今天我们介绍用Ant Design Charts去实现词云图的效果，更多图表类展示请参考Ant Design Charts

本次演示是基于react框架，用Ant Design Pro 创建脚手架工程来实现的，如何创建项目请参考以下链接Ant Design Pro入门

数据映射属性

• data: 设置图表数据源。数据源为对象集合，例如：[{ time: '1991'，value: 20 }, { time: '1992'，value: 20 }]。

• wordField: 单词内容在数据中所对应的字段名。

• weightField: 单词所占权重在数据中所对应的字段名。

• colorField: 根据该字段进行颜色映射.

• random: 自定义所使用的随机函数，其值可以是一个 [0, 1) 区间中的值，也可以是一个返回该值的函数，当该值是一个固定的值时，每次渲染相同数据的词云图时，其对应的每个单词的布局坐标一致。默认配置： 默认使用的是浏览器内置Math.random，也就是每次渲染，单词的位置都不一样。

• spiral: 当设置为 archimedean 时，整个词云图接近于椭圆的形状，当设置为 rectangular 时，整个词云图接近于矩形的形状。

• placementStrategy: 自定义每个词语的坐标，返回值必须包含 x 和 y 属性，其余的可选。也可以在 wordStyle 中的选项中设置。

其返回值的类型如下：

• timeInterval: 设置绘制程序最大的执行时间，单位毫秒，如果时间设置过短可能会只绘制一部分词语。

• meta: 全局化配置图表数据元信息，以字段为单位进行配置，来定义数据的类型和展示方式。在 meta 上的配置将同时影响所有组件的文本信息。

关于 meta 的更多配置项，请查看 Meta Options

图形样式属性

• imageMask：

设置一张图片，然后图表就可以根据该图片的形状进行渲染，可以是图片元素实例或者 url 地址和 base64。注意： 词语只渲染在图片的深色部位，浅色的部位（如白色）不渲染词语。当使用图片的 url 地址时，图片的大小不宜过大，不然图片加载时间过长。

例子如下：

图片地址如下

例子效果如下：

• wordStyle :设置每个词语的样式。

以上，某些属性可以设置为一个函数，其函数的参数如下：

类型Word的配置如下：

• color：

指定点的颜色。如没有配置 colorField，指定一个单值即可。对 colorFiled 进行了配置的情况下，即可以指定一系列色值，也可以通过回调函数的方法根据对应数值进行设置。

默认配置：采用 theme 中的色板。

// 设置单一颜色{color:'#a8ddb5'}// 设置多色{colorField:'type',// 部分图表使用 seriesFieldcolor:['#d62728','#2ca02c','#000000'],}// Function{colorField:'type',// 部分图表使用 seriesFieldcolor:({ type })=>{if(type ==='male'){return'red';}return'yellow';}}

代码实现词云图

新建 index.txt

import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
import { WordCloud } from '@ant-design/plots';const date=[{ "value": 10, "name": "Java" },{ "value": 8, "name": "Docker" },{ "value": 8, "name": "Mysql" },{ "value": 8, "name": "SpringBoot" },{ "value": 8, "name": "SpringCloud" },{ "value": 8, "name": "Go" },{ "value": 8, "name": "Css" },{ "value": 8, "name": "JavaScript" },{ "value": 6, "name": "Grammar" },{ "value": 6, "name": "Graphics" },{ "value": 6, "name": "Graph" },{ "value": 6, "name": "Hierarchy" },{ "value": 6, "name": "Labeling" },{ "value": 6, "name": "Layout" },{ "value": 6, "name": "Quantitative" },{ "value": 6, "name": "Relation" },{ "value": 6, "name": "Statistics" },{ "value": 6, "name": "可视化" },{ "value": 6, "name": "数据" },{ "value": 6, "name": "数据可视化" },{ "value": 4, "name": "流量统计" },{ "value": 4, "name": "联系人管理" },{ "value": 4, "name": "Canvas" },{ "value": 4, "name": "Chart" },{ "value": 4, "name": "DAG" },{ "value": 4, "name": "DG" },{ "value": 4, "name": "Facet" },{ "value": 4, "name": "Geo" },{ "value": 4, "name": "Line" },{ "value": 4, "name": "MindMap" },{ "value": 4, "name": "Pie" },{ "value": 4, "name": "Pizza Chart" },{ "value": 4, "name": "Punch Card" },{ "value": 4, "name": "SVG" },{ "value": 4, "name": "Sunburst" },{ "value": 4, "name": "Tree" },{ "value": 4, "name": "UML" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Chart" },{ "value": 3, "name": "View" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Geom" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Connector" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Transform" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Util" },{ "value": 3, "name": "DomUtil" },{ "value": 3, "name": "MatrixUtil" },{ "value": 3, "name": "PathUtil" },{ "value": 3, "name": "G" },{ "value": 3, "name": "2D" },{ "value": 3, "name": "3D" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Line" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Area" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Interval" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Schema" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Edge" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Polygon" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Heatmap" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Render" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Tooltip" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Axis" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Guide" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Coord" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Legend" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Path" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Helix" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Theta" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Rect" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Polar" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Dsv" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Csv" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Tsv" },{ "value": 3, "name": "GeoJSON" },{ "value": 3, "name": "TopoJSON" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Filter" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Map" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Pick" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Rename" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Filter" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Map" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Pick" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Rename" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Reverse" },{ "value": 3, "name": "sort" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Subset" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Partition" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Imputation" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Fold" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Aggregate" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Proportion" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Histogram" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Quantile" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Treemap" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Hexagon" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Binning" },{ "value": 3, "name": "kernel" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Regression" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Density" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Sankey" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Voronoi" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Projection" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Centroid" },{ "value": 3, "name": "H5" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Mobile" },{ "value": 3, "name": "K线图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "关系图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "烛形图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "股票图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "直方图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "金字塔图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "分面" },{ "value": 3, "name": "南丁格尔玫瑰图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "饼图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "线图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "点图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "散点图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "子弹图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "柱状图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "仪表盘" },{ "value": 3, "name": "气泡图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "漏斗图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "热力图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "玉玦图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "直方图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "矩形树图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "箱形图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "色块图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "螺旋图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "词云" },{ "value": 3, "name": "词云图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "雷达图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "面积图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "马赛克图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "盒须图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "坐标轴" },{ "value": 3, "name": "" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Jacques Bertin" },{ "value": 3, "name": "Leland Wilkinson" },{ "value": 3, "name": "William Playfair" },{ "value": 3, "name": "关联" },{ "value": 3, "name": "分布" },{ "value": 3, "name": "区间" },{ "value": 3, "name": "占比" },{ "value": 3, "name": "地图" },{ "value": 3, "name": "时间" },{ "value": 3, "name": "比较" },{ "value": 3, "name": "流程" },{ "value": 3, "name": "趋势" },{ "value": 2, "name": "亦叶" },{ "value": 2, "name": "再飞" },{ "value": 2, "name": "完白" },{ "value": 2, "name": "巴思" },{ "value": 2, "name": "王琣浩" },{ "value": 2, "name": "御术" },{ "value": 2, "name": "有田" },{ "value": 2, "name": "沉鱼" },{ "value": 2, "name": "玉伯" },{ "value": 2, "name": "画康" },{ "value": 2, "name": "祯逸" },{ "value": 2, "name": "绝云" },{ "value": 2, "name": "罗宪" },{ "value": 2, "name": "陆沉" },{ "value": 2, "name": "顾倾" },{ "value": 2, "name": "首页" },{ "value": 2, "name": "GPL" },{ "value": 2, "name": "PAI" },{ "value": 2, "name": "SPSS" },{ "value": 2, "name": "SYSTAT" },{ "value": 2, "name": "Tableau" },{ "value": 2, "name": "D3" },{ "value": 2, "name": "Vega" },{ "value": 2, "name": "统计图表" }]
export default (props:any) => {const [data, setData] = useState(date);useEffect(() => {setData(date)}, []);const config = {// 设置图表数据源。数据源为对象集合，// 例如：[{ time: '1991'，value: 20 }, { time: '1992'，value: 20 }]。data,// 单词内容在数据中所对应的字段名。wordField: 'name',// 单词所占权重在数据中所对应的字段名。weightField: 'value',// 根据该字段进行颜色映射。colorField: 'name',// 设置每个词语的样式。wordStyle: {fontFamily: 'Verdana',fontSize: [8, 32],rotation: 0,},// 返回值设置成一个 [0, 1) 区间内的值，// 可以让每次渲染的位置相同（前提是每次的宽高一致）。random: () => 0.5,};return (<><WordCloud {...config} /></>);
};

代码说明：data为手动设置的静态话数据，正常需求从后端去获取，之所以和官网上的代码写法不一样完全是本人习惯。接下来我们看页面效果；

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