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目录
自定义日历库
常用列表
日期列表
常用函数
闰年判断
月份天数
元旦序号
日历表头
星期序号
序号及天数
月历字串
打印月历
年历字串
打印年历
对比测试
测试结果
完整代码
运行结果
自定义日历库
自定义日历库函数，并使得其与python calendar库中对应的函数功能基本一致。
常用列表
month_name = ['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July',
'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December']
day_name = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday', 'Sunday']
def daylist(year, month):
days = [' ']*weekday(year, month) + [*range(1, monthday(year)[month-1]+1)]
return days + [' ']*(42-len(days))
def dayslist(year, month):
dlist, count = daylist(year, month), monthday(year)[month-1]//7+2
mlist = [' '.join(map(lambda n:str(n).rjust(2), dlist[i*7:i*7+7])) for i in range(count)]
return [month_name[month-1].center(20), weekheader(), *mlist]
常用函数
为方便写代码间隔都以库函数默认值为准，放弃对库函数的间隔参数进行模拟，比如：
calendar.prcal(theyear, w=0, l=0, c=6, m=3)，其中 w, l, c 为间隔参数。
闰年判断
判断条件：年份数能被4整除且不能被100整除，或者能被400整除的
def isleap(year):
'''Return True for leap years, False for non-leap years.'''
return year%4==0 and year%100!=0 or year%400==0
月份天数
12个月份的天数，只有2月份的天数是可变的，闰年+1。
monthday = lambda year: [31, 28+isleap(year), 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]
元旦序号
这个计算公式看似很神奇，实际上它的本质也就来源于闰年判断公式isleap(year)。即计算公元1年到给定年份（不包括）之间有多少个年份是闰年，公元1年1月1日是星期一是计算基准。所以年份数减一加上能被4整除的年数减去那些能被100整除但不能被400整除的年数加上能被400整除的年数即周一的总位移数，这个结果取余(%7)后的结果0-6对应的是周一~周日。
firstday = lambda year: (year-1+(year-1)//4-(year-1)//100+(year-1)//400)%7
使用python 3.8及以上的版本，有个海象操作符，上式改写成以下形式：
firstday = lambda year: (y+y//4-y//100+y//400)%7 if (y:=year-1)+1 else None
是不是更简洁了，顺便还去掉了0年，因为年份只有公元1年公元前1年，中间没有公元0年的。
日历表头
def weekheader(width=2):
'''Return a header for a week.'''
space = ((width-2 if width>3 else 1)*' ')
return space.join(map(lambda x:x[:min(width, 3) if width<9 else 9], day_name))
星期序号
以 firstday(year) 作基准计算指定日期的星期序号，结果0~6则对应周一~周日。
def weekday(year, month, day=1):
'''Return weekday (0-6 ~ Mon-Sun) for year, month (1-12), day (1-31).'''
return (firstday(year)+sum(monthday(year)[:month-1])+day-1)%7
序号及天数
def monthrange(year, month):
'''Return weekday (0-6 ~ Mon-Sun) and number of days (28-31) for year, month.'''
return weekday(year, month, 1), monthday(year)[month-1]
月历字串
def month(year, month):
'''Return a month's calendar string (multi-line).'''
days = [day for day in dayslist(year, month) if day.strip()]
return (" ".join([days[0].strip(),str(year)]).center(20).rstrip()+'\n'+'\n'.join(days[1:])).rstrip()+'\n'
打印月历
def prmonth(year, month):
'''Print a month's calendar.'''
print(month(year, month))
年历字串
def calendar(year):
'''Returns a year's calendar as a multi-line string.'''
result = str(year).center(72).rstrip()+'\n'
for i in range(4):
result += '\n'
for row in zip(*[dayslist(year,i*3+j) for j in range(1,4)]):
result += (6*' ').join(row).rstrip()+'\n' if (6*' ').join(row).strip() else ''
return result
打印年历
def prcal(year):
'''Print a year's calendar.'''
print(calendar(year))
对比测试
测试结果
本文末尾有完整代码，保存为mycalendar.py；然后与对应内置的日历库函数对比：
>>> import calendar, mycalendar
>>> all((calendar.weekday(i,1,1)==mycalendar.weekday(i,1,1) for i in range(3000)))
True
>>> all((calendar.monthrange(i,1)==mycalendar.monthrange(i,1) for i in range(3000)))
True
>>> all((calendar.month(i,1)==mycalendar.month(i,1) for i in range(3000)))
True
>>> all((calendar.calendar(i)==mycalendar.calendar(i) for i in range(3000)))
True# 测试结果：四个主要函数的运行结果在3000年中与对应库函数的完全一致。
完整代码
month_name = ['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July','August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December']
day_name = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday', 'Sunday']def daylist(year, month):days = [' ']*weekday(year, month) + [*range(1, monthday(year)[month-1]+1)]return days + [' ']*(42-len(days))def dayslist(year, month):dlist, count = daylist(year, month), monthday(year)[month-1]//7+2mlist = [' '.join(map(lambda n:str(n).rjust(2), dlist[i*7:i*7+7])) for i in range(count)]return [month_name[month-1].center(20), weekheader(), *mlist]def isleap(year):'''Return True for leap years, False for non-leap years.'''return year%4==0 and year%100!=0 or year%400==0monthday = lambda year: [31, 28+isleap(year), 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]
firstday = lambda year: (year-1+(year-1)//4-(year-1)//100+(year-1)//400)%7def weekheader(width=2):'''Return a header for a week.'''space = ((width-2 if width>3 else 1)*' ')return space.join(map(lambda x:x[:min(width, 3) if width<9 else 9], day_name))def weekday(year, month, day=1):'''Return weekday (0-6 ~ Mon-Sun) for year, month (1-12), day (1-31).'''return (firstday(year)+sum(monthday(year)[:month-1])+day-1)%7def monthrange(year, month):'''Return weekday (0-6 ~ Mon-Sun) and number of days (28-31) for year, month.'''return weekday(year, month, 1), monthday(year)[month-1]def month(year, month):'''Return a month's calendar string (multi-line).'''days = [day for day in dayslist(year, month) if day.strip()]return (" ".join([days[0].strip(),str(year)]).center(20).rstrip()+'\n'+'\n'.join(days[1:])).rstrip()+'\n'def prmonth(year, month):'''Print a month's calendar.'''print(month(year, month))def calendar(year):'''Returns a year's calendar as a multi-line string.'''result = str(year).center(72).rstrip()+'\n'for i in range(4):result += '\n'for row in zip(*[dayslist(year,i*3+j) for j in range(1,4)]):result += (6*' ').join(row).rstrip()+'\n' if (6*' ').join(row).strip() else ''return resultdef prcal(year):'''Print a year's calendar.'''print(calendar(year))运行结果
2023
January February March
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 27 28 29 30 31
30 31
April May June
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30
July August September
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30
31
October November December
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 29 30 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
30 31
2024
January February March
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
29 30 31 26 27 28 29 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
April May June
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 1 2
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
29 30 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
July August September
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30
October November December
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 1
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31
2025
January February March
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 1 2
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31
April May June
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 1
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
28 29 30 26 27 28 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30
July August September
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 29 30
October November December
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31
空格的原因看上去像没对齐，看在源码框里的效果：
2023January February March
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su1 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 52 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 6 7 8 9 10 11 129 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 27 28 29 30 31
30 31April May June
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 43 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30July August September
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 33 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30
31October November December
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su1 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 32 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 4 5 6 7 8 9 109 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 29 30 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
30 312024January February March
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1 2 38 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
29 30 31 26 27 28 29 25 26 27 28 29 30 31April May June
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 1 28 9 10 11 12 13 14 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
29 30 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30July August September
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 2930October November December
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 17 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 23 24 25 26 27 28 2930 312025January February March
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su1 2 3 4 5 1 2 1 26 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 24 25 26 27 28 29 3031April May June
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 17 8 9 10 11 12 13 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
28 29 30 26 27 28 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 2930July August September
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 29 30October November December
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su1 2 3 4 5 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 76 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31完